This article in the World Journal of Pediatrics is based on a masters thesis that Dr. Jiang Jing Xiang did with me as her supervisor at Uppsala University. It uses data from the first national vitamin A deficiency survey done several years earlier throughout China.

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IMAGE: from http://www.thailine.com/

Photo from Erika Andresen’s (formerly Bergström) thesis. 

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This is another paper Jiang Jing Xiang wrote for her PhD at Uppsala Medical School in Sweden.

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Prepared for the Australian Breastfeeding
Association HOTMILK meeting

I work with nutrition in developing countries, and breastfeeding has always been a major component of my work.

I lived in Sweden for 20 years. My sons were exclusively breastfed for close to 6 months and continued breastfeeding until they were 3.5 years old. When the boys got old enough to understand language, their mother asked them to wait until they were in private-to avoid provoking people, for her and the children’s sake. We practiced attachment parenting, including a family bed for many years.

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Image from www.voanews.com

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This was a comment I was requested to write by The Lancet medical journal.

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At PATH I now direct the Ultra Rice project. The goal is the develop models for increasing the supply of and demand for fortified rice in China, India, Brazil and Colombia. You can read about this ingenious technology at http://www.path.org/projects/ultra_rice.php

At the Micronutrient Forum international meeting in Istanbul, Turkey in April 2007, an abstract was presented of a clinical trial showing that consuming iron-fortified Ultra Rice greatly reduced anemia in women factory workers in Mexico.

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This paper was part of the battery of important studies done by Vincent Assey in his indefatigable efforts to tackle iodine deficiency disorders, a huge public health problem in his native Tanzania.

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We wholeheartedly agree with Paul Farmer and colleagues [1] that it is vitally important to examine social, as well as molecular, causes of disease. Unless we carefully consider the full range of factors that underlie a given problem, we may produce “solutions” with unintended and deleterious consequences. In this light we express our concern about the infant feeding approach advocated in their article to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Rwanda.

While exclusive replacement feeding reduces the risk of transmission between HIV-positive mothers and their infants, it does not adequately address the specters of infection and undernutrition that accompany avoidance of breast-feeding. We are convinced by data from regions that are similar to Rwanda and even from African countries with higher standards of living that replacement feeding from birth is a dangerous and inappropriate approach for HIV-affected families in countries like Rwanda.

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